Avian Influenza (AI), or bird flu, has seen a rise in confirmed cases across the UK this summer, particularly the H5N1 strain. The Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) has responded by introducing additional rules under the Avian Influenza Prevention Zone (AIPZ), for game bird and shoot operators.
If you keep chickens or other captive birds, it’s essential to stay up to date with any changes. In this article, our team explains what’s happening, what to look out for, and how you can help keep your flock safe.
Why are bird flu cases rising in summer?
Typically, you’ll see bird flu outbreaks as we head into the autumn, but this summer’s rise is mainly linked to wild birds, especially young ones leaving the nest.
These juvenile birds haven’t yet built strong immune systems, making them more likely to become infected and spread the virus. Waterfowl and seabirds such as geese, ducks, swans and gulls are key carriers. They don’t always show signs of illness, which makes transmission even harder to control.
How does bird flu spread to chickens?
Avian Influenza spreads easily and can infect chickens in a number of ways including:
- Direct contact with infected wild birds
- Bird droppings in and around your coop
- Contaminated clothing, footwear, bedding, vehicles or equipment
Even tiny traces of droppings or soil can carry the virus, so good hygiene and limited exposure to wild birds are your best defence.
Signs of bird flu in chickens
High Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) can cause serious illness and even sudden death in poultry. Keep an eye out for:
- Sudden deaths in your flock
- Swollen head or blue combs and wattles
- Closed, weepy or sunken eyes
- Lethargy or lack of coordination
- Twisting of the neck or dragging of wings or legs
- Coughing, sneezing or laboured breathing
- Sharp drop in egg production
- Discoloured, loose or watery droppings
If you notice any of these signs or have concerns, do not take your chickens to a vet. Instead, contact the APHA or your local vet by phone for advice. It’s a legal requirement to report this, if you suspect your birds may be infected.
How to protect your chickens from bird flu
The best protection is prevention. These practical biosecurity steps can reduce the risk of infection:
Cleanliness
Disinfect coops, feeders, drinkers and boots regularly. Use Defra-approved products such as BioVX disinfectant.
Footwear
Use a dedicated pair of boots for your chicken area. If that’s not possible, clean and disinfect your shoes before entering and after leaving.
Food and water
Keep feed and water sources covered to prevent contamination from wild birds. Avoid outdoor feeding if possible.
Control access
Limit visitors and unnecessary movement of equipment. Use netting or fencing to stop wild birds entering chicken runs or coops.
Coop placement
Fence off boggy or wet areas where wild birds may gather, and keep your coop and run dry and clean.
What are the current rules in the AIPZ?
The Avian Influenza Prevention Zone is in place for England, Wales and Scotland where the following apply:
- All poultry keepers must follow strict biosecurity and hygiene rules
- Keepers should consider housing or netting birds to limit exposure
- Disinfect concrete areas regularly to reduce contamination risk
You’ll find all the rules that apply for the different Avian Influenza zones on GOV.UK, including the disease control zones below.
Additional rules for disease control zones
If you’re within a 3km Protection Zone:
- Keep all birds housed
- Do not travel with your birds
- Follow disposal guidance from your vet
- Follow the rules for the 10km Surveillance Zone
If you’re in a 10km Surveillance Zone:
- You must not move birds on or off your premises without a licence
You might find yourself in one of these zones at relatively short notice, so always refer to the latest government information and advice.
Sign up for APHA disease alerts
To get disease alerts and updates from the Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), you can sign up for their email or SMS text alert service:
If you keep any poultry or captive birds, even just a few as pets, you are legally required to register them with Defra. You can do this online here:
Register your birds with Defra
Stay informed, stay safe
Avian Influenza is a serious risk to backyard flocks, but with good hygiene, responsible management and the right support, you can help protect your hens.
If you have any concerns about the health or welfare of your birds, please contact your local vet.
Popular questions from chicken keepers
What are the signs of bird flu in chickens?
Sudden deaths, swollen head, blue combs, laboured breathing and unusual droppings are among the main signs. If in doubt, contact your vet.
Should I house my chickens during an outbreak?
Yes, if you're in a 3km Protection Zone. Otherwise follow the advice and guidance to protect your birds.
Can bird flu be spread on shoes or clothing?
Yes. Even a small trace of contaminated droppings can carry the virus. Always disinfect or change your footwear.
Is it safe to eat eggs from chickens during an outbreak?
If your flock is healthy and not showing symptoms, eggs are safe to eat.
